This thesis deals with tangible cultural manifestations in inter-community conflict in Belgium and Spain. Both the Flemings in Belgium and the Basques in Spain, as well as their central governments effectively used these manifestations in their political endeavors. In Spain, the Franco government repressed such visible elements of culture as the Basque language, flag and musical instruments in order to punish the Basque people for fighting against him in the Spanish Civil War. This repression radicalized the nationalist movement and spawned the terrorist group Euskadi to Askatasuna, which, along with the Basque nationalist parties, uses such representations in their efforts to mobilize the Basque people to attempt to gain independence for the Basque region. Flemish scholars and politicians also consciously appropriated the Flemish cultural heritage to gain popular support for their struggle for language equality in Belgium. This movement, however, did not turn violent because in Belgium, unlike Spain, the Flemings always had democratic outlets and freedom of expression to carry on their fight to gain equal footing for Flemish in Belgium.